ABSTRACT
Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is defined as serum bilirubin levels >7 mg/dl around 85% of all term newborns and most of the premature babies develop clinical jaundice and various associated risk factors are involved in NNH and treatment for this condition depends on gestational age, serum bilirubin levels at different time interval during early life of these newborns and treating them with phototherapy or exchange transfusion. Objective of the study was to establish the relation with the NNH and risk factors among newborns and treatment with the phototherapy if required.Methods: The present prospective study was conducted at Karuna Medical College, Chittur Palakkad from January 2019 to December 2019. A total of 40 samples which are born during the study period were included in the study. All types of gestations (preterm, full term, post term), both genders (male and female), new-borns with risk factors, serum bilirubin (TSB) >7 mg/dl at 48 hrs of life were included in the studyResults: In our study, female samples consists of 55% and male samples were 45% during the study period minimum gestational age was 35 weeks and maximum was 40 weeks. 5% sample with a serum bilirubin level of 9 mg/dl,' with risk factor as a Rh(-ve) incompatibility was treated with phototherapy up to 96 hrs of life.Conclusions: Study conveys various risk factors responsible for NNH and treatment with phototherapy given to the affected new-borns. With good clinical history, risk factors involved in new-borns, antenatal counseling is needed to all pregnant women's it is necessary to check the serum bilirubin levels and treated with phototherapy to avoid further NNH related complications in the new-borns.
ABSTRACT
Background: Mortality is important to study population change in the country; infant mortality is considered as principal component balancing the child sex ratio. In this study authors aimed to analyze how mortality rates and child sex ratios are different in urban and rural areas and how its growth statistics are changing over years. Objectives of the study were to quantify infant mortality rates change over time and check the means among mortality indicators.Methods: The study was conducted using secondary data obtained from various issues and reports published by Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India for a period of 10 years from 2006 to 2016. The obtained data on mortality indicators were subjected to basic statistical analysis using percent change and paired t-test.Results: The Infant mortality rate which was reduced by 23 points indicating reduction of 67.65 percent control over a period from 2006 to 2016. Further, results show that, in case of urban mortality, there was significant difference between mortality indicators during study period, the p-value (0.011) was less than level of significance (0.05) so we reject the null hypothesis and it is concluded that there is significant difference between the means of urban mortality indicators over a period of from 2006 to 2016.Conclusions: The infant mortality rate frequently provided as a key indicator of overall the development. There is need for stable child sex ratio; health of children and women are essential for better growth and reaching stable child sex ratio for the ever increasing population.